Effects of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on dentine adhesion and the recovery application of sodium erythorbate / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#Root canal therapy is the most effective and common method for pulpitis and periapical periodontitis. During the root canal preparation, chemical irrigation plays a key role. However, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), the widely used irrigation fluid, may impact the bonding strength between dentin and restorative material meanwhile sterilization and dissolving. Therefore, it's important to explore the influence of NaOCl on the adhesion between dentin and restoration materials to ensure clinical efficacy. This study aims to explore the effect of NaOCl on dentine adhesion and evaluate the effect of dentine adhesion induced by sodium erythorbate (ERY), and to provide clinical guidance on dentin bonding after root canal therapy.@*METHODS@#Seventy freshly complete extracted human third molars aged 18-33 years old, without caries and restorations were selected. A diamond saw was used under running water to achieve dentine fragments which were divided into 10 groups with 14 fragments in each group: 2 control [deionized water (DW)±10% ERY] and 8 experimental groups (0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, and 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY). The dentine specimens in the control group (treated with DW) and the experimental groups (treated with 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl) were immersed for 20 min using corresponding solutions which were renewed every 5 min. The other 5 groups were immersed in 10% ERY for 5 min after an initial washing with DW for 1 min. Then, we selected 4 dentine fragments from all 14 fragments in each group and the numbers and diameters of opening dentinal tubules were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The other 10 dentine fragments from each group were used to make adhesive samples by using self-etch adhesive wand composite resin. All the above adhesive samples were sectioned perpendicular to the bonded interface into 20 slabs with a cross-sectional area of 1 mm×1 mm using a diamond saw under the cooling water, and then the morphology of 10 slabs in each group's bonding interface was observed from aspects of formation of resin tags, depth of tags in dentin, and formation of hybrid layer under SEM. The other 10 slabs of each group's microtensile bond strength and failure modes were also analyzed.@*RESULTS@#Among the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules gradually increased with the rise of concentration of NaOCl solution (all P<0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, 2.5% NaOCl, and 5.25% NaOCl groups, the number and diameter of patent dentinal tubules increased after using ERY, but without significant difference (all P>0.05). Among the DW, 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, the scores of formation of resin tags under SEM gradually increased with the increase of concentration of NaOCl solution, while the score in the 5.25% NaOCl group decreased significantly compared with the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (all P>0.05). The scores of length of the tags under SEM in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than the scores of DW, 0.5% NaOCl, and 1% NaOCl groups (all P<0.05), and it was also higher than the score of the 2.5% NaOCl group, but without significant difference (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between using 10% ERY groups and without using 10% ERY groups (P>0.05). The scores of formation of hybrid layer under SEM in the 2.5% NaOCl and 5.25% NaOCl groups significantly decreased compared with the score of the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). Microtensile bond strength was greater in the 0.5% NaOCl, 1% NaOCl, and 2.5% NaOCl groups, but lower in the 5.25% NaOCl group than that in the DW group (all P<0.05). There were significant differences between the 2.5% NaOCl±10% ERY groups and between the 5.25% NaOCl±10% ERY groups (all P<0.05). The incidence of type "Adhesive" of failure modes in the 5.25% NaOCl group was significantly higher than that in other groups (all P<0.05), while the incidence of type "Adhesive" in the 5.25% NaOCl+10% ERY group was lower than that in the 5.25% NaOCl group (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The bonding strength to dentine increases with the increase of NaOCl concentration when the concentration lower than 2.5%; whereas it is decreased at a higher concentration (such as 5.25%). 10% ERY has a definite recovery effect on attenuated bonding strength to 5.25% NaOCl-treated dentine.

Influencia de los inhibidores de las metaloproteinasas, agentes reticuladores y remineralización biomimética en la longevidad de la unión adhesiva: parte 3: agentes reticuladores / Metalloproteinase inhibitors, cross-linking agents and biomimetic remineralization influence in the adhesive bond longevity: part 3: cross-linking agents

Las propiedades mecánicas del colágeno se deben a agentes intrínsecos de entrecruzamiento [Al-Ammar et al, 2009]. El aumento en el número de enlaces de la molécula de colágeno mejora su estabilidad e integridad, colaborando con el mantenimiento de propiedades adecuadas de la unión adhesiva a lo largo del tiempo [Bedran-Russo et al, 2009; Breschi et al, 2008]. Existen varios enfoques que permiten modificar el sustrato dentinario mediante la promoción de la formación de enlaces exógenos, con el objetivo de aumentar la resistencia de la red de colágeno [Bedran-Russo et al, 2007; Bedran-Russo et al, 2008]. Estos enfoques se dividen en métodos mecánicos [Bedran-Russo et al, 2007; Bedran-Russo et al, 2008; Castellan et al, 2010; Han et al, 2003] y método fotoxidativo [Cova et al, 2011]. Dentro de los primeros, los agentes reticuladores de origen natural son capaces de estabilizar el colágeno de la dentina [Bedran-Russo et al, 2007] sin afectar la resistencia de la unión adhesiva y sin generar toxicidad. Sin embargo, el uso de estos agentes por sí solo no permite asegurar la estabilidad de la unión adhesiva a lo largo del tiempo; porque como es sabido, la longevidad de dicha unión no depende únicamente de las características del sustrato, sino también de propiedades inherentes al sistema adhesivo por un lado, y de la presencia de humedad por otro.

The mechanical properties of collagen are due to intrinsic crosslinking agents [Al-Ammar et al, 2009]. The increase in the number of links of the collagen molecule improves its stability and integrity, collaborating with the maintenance of adequate adhesive bonding properties over time [Bedran-Russo et al, 2009; Breschi et al, 2008]. There are several approaches for modifying the dentin substrate by promoting the formation of exogenous links, in order to increase the strength of the collagen network [Bedran-Russo et al, 2007; Bedran-Russo et al, 2008]. These approaches are divided into mechanical methods [Bedran-Russo et al, 2007; Bedran-Russo et al, 2008; Castellan et al, 2010; Han et al, 2003] and foto oxidating method [Cova et al, 2011]. Within the first, the naturally occurring crosslinking agents are capable of stabilizing the dentin collagen [Bedran-Russo et al, 2007] without affecting the strength of the adhesive bond and without generating any toxicity. However, the use of these agents alone does not ensure the stability of the adhesive bond over time; because as it is known, the longevity of such binding does not only depend on the substrate’s characteristics, but also on the adhesive system’s properties on one side, and the presence of moisture on the other

Effect of caries infiltration technique and fluoride therapy on the bond strength of the demineralized enamel / Efeito da técnica de infiltração de cárie e fluorterapia na resistência adesiva ao esmalte desmineralizado

Different techniques are employed to control de caries progression, such as fluoride remineralization and resin infiltration (ICON®). However, the interference of these techniques on further adhesive procedures on the treated tissue is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bond strength (BS) of the bovine enamel demineralized and treated with either fluoride or ICON®. Material and Methods: The tooth fragments were randomly divided into 4 groups: Group Sound samples (control); Group Demineralized samples (DS); Group Remineralized samples (NaF- 0.05% /8 weeks); Group ICON® samples. The samples were etched and next, a total etch bonding system was applied followed by resin composite. Then, they were submitted to microtensile test in a universal testing machine (10 Kg 1 mm/min). Results: Data were evaluated by ANOVA. There were statistically significant differences among groups (p = 0.28), with the following mean values (MPa): Group: Sound samples ((20,20 ± 2,97), Group: Demineralized Samples (21.99 ± 4.25), Group: Remineralized Samples (23.48 ± 4.03), Group: ICON® samples (22.10 ± 3,37). Conclusion: The treatments did not interfere in bond strength of the composite resin to enamel, providing values similar to those of the control group

Diferentes técnicas são empregadas como forma de controle da progressão da lesão cariosa, como a remineralização com flúor e a infiltração com resina (ICON®). No entanto, a interferência destas técnicas sobre futuros procedimentos adesivos no tecido tratado ainda mostra-se controversa. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a resistência adesiva (RA) em esmalte bovino desmineralizado e tratado com flúor ou com ICON®. Materiais e Métodos: Fragmentos dentais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos: Grupo Espécimes íntegros (controle); Grupo Espécimes desmineralizados (ED); Grupo Espécimes Remineralizados (NaF- 0,05% /8 semanas); Grupo Espécimes ICON®. Sobre os espécimes tratados foi feito condicionamento ácido, aplicação de adesivo total etch e resina composta, sendo submetidos ao teste de microtração em máquina de ensaio universal (10Kg 1mm/min). Resultados: Os dados foram avaliados pelo teste ANOVA. Não houve diferença significante entre os grupos (p=0,28) sendo que, os valores médios em MPa obtidos para os diferentes grupos foram: Grupo: Espécimes Íntegros (20,20 ± 2,97), Grupo: Espécimes Desmineralizados (21,99 ± 4,25), Grupo: Espécimes Remineralizados (23,48 ± 4,03), Grupo: Espécimes ICON® (22,10 ±3,37). Conclusão: os tratamentos não interferiram na RA da resina composta ao esmalte, fornecendo valores semelhantes ao controle.